Hammering implement.



O. O. DURYEA 6; M. 6. WHITE.

HAMMERING IMPLEMENT. APPLICATION FILED APR.9, 1910. RENEWED NOV. 4, 1912.

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Patented June 3, 1913.

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HAMMERING IMPLEMENT.

APPLIGATION FILED APLQ, 1910. RENEWED NOV. 4, 19 1 2.

Patented June 3, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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HAMMERING IMPLEMENT. APPLICATION FILED APR. 9, 1,s1o. RENEWED nqv. 4; 1912.

Patented June 3, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT :iOFFIoE.

O'll-IO C. DURYEA AND MORRIS 0. WHITE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.'.

HAMMERING IMPLEMEN Specification of Letters Patent.

, Patented June 3,1913.

Application filed April 9, 1910, Serial No. 554,341. Renewed November 4, 1912'; Serial No. 729,469.

"To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, OTHO C. DURYlEA and MORRIS C. WHITE, citizens of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in HammeringuImplements, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to improvements in hammering implements of the class in which a piston is actuated by fluid pressure to re ciprocate against a riveting, or other workperforining, tool.

Our object is to provide an implement of the above class of simple and improved construction, which may be actuated by the pressure of compressed fluid alone, or by-the same pressure supplemented by that produced by combustion of fluid.

In carrying out our invention, we prefer to provide the implement in the form of a valveless tool equipped with electric igniters and actuated by explosive fluid fed thereto under pressure. In the accompanying drawingsFigure 1 is a side elevation of our improved tool partly in section and with the electric-cur rent conductor-wires illustrated in a con ventional way; Fig. 2, a longitudinal section showing the piston in its retracted position; Fig; 3, a broken and enlarged longitudinal section showing the piston in an in: termediate position; Fig. 4, a view the same as Fig. 8, but showing the piston in advanced position impacting-against a riveting, or other, tool; and Figs. .5, 6, 7, S, 9, 10 and 11, enlarged sections taken on lines 5 to 11 "inclusive in Fig. 2, and viewed as indicated by the arrows.

The casing 12 is fitted at one end with a tool 13, which may be a riveting tool, a

chisel, or the like, and provided at its opsupply-passage 19 extending longitudinally through the handle and adapted for connection at its outer end, 20, with a flexible hose passage 18 communicates through ports with an annular enlargement 25, of the chamber 15, in the chamber-walk and it also communicates through ports '26 with an annular enlargement 27 of the chamber 15. Extending through the casing in the relative positions shown are the exhaust-- ports 28 and "29. In the wall of the chamber 15 is the annular enlargement 30 communicating through ports 31 wit-lithe chamber 16. Also, in the wall of the chamber 15 are ports 32 and 33 communicating with the chamber 17. Between the ports 30 and 33. the wall of the chamber 15 is somewhatenlarged to present the annular chambered portion 34. Extending through the wall of the chamber 15, in the position show-mare ports 35 comn'iunicating with the chamber 16. In the opposite ends of the chamber 15 and commui'iicating therewith through ports 36 and 37, respectively, are electric igniterplugs 38 and39, each containing asuitably insulated resistance wire or element, 40 connected at one end with an electric conductor wire 41, and grounded at the opposite end in the casing 12. On the handle 1i, in the position shown, is a suitably insulated electric contact 42 from which the other wire.

43 of the electric circuit extends. On the thlnnb-lever 22 is a contact 41 adapted to engage the contact 12, when the lever is pushed forward against the resistance of a spring 45, to open the valve 21.

the passage 19 to the passage 18.

;nected at 20 to the end'of a flexible hose which forms a conduit leading thereto from a compressed air supplier. interposed in the conduit is a suitable carbureter, or gasmixer, which it is not thought necessary to illustrate, and which iningles gasolene vapor or gas With the compressed air to produce an explosive mixture.

' Assuming the piston 46 to be in the position shown in Fig. 2, the operation will be as follows: By pressing the thumb-lever 22 inward, the valve 21 is slid to cause the compressed explosive mixture to .enter through At the same time, the contacts a2 and 4-4: are closed to cause electric current to pass through the resistance wires of the igniters 38 and 39. The compressed fluid in the passage 18 passes through the ports :26 to the annular space 27 and thence through the ports 52, passages 54 and ports to the annular chamber 17. The compressed fluid entering the chamber 17 exerts expansive force against the piston-head 51, thereby moving the piston in the direction to the left in the figures; On leaving the position shown in Fig. 2, all the ports of the piston are blanked, as illustrated in Fig. 3, and the pressure in the chamber 17 forces the piston along to the position shown in Fig. 4, Wherein it-strikes the end of the tool 13. As

'the piston nears this latter position, the

.the ports 32, thus permitting the still somewhat compressed explosive mixture to cs cape from the chamber 17 and annular space, or chamber, 34. through the ports at? and 48 into the part 56 of the chamber 15. At the same time, the ports register with the annular enlargement, or chamber, 30, and the ports 53 register with the annular chamber, or enlargement, 25. This causes the compressed explosive mixture to enter from the passage 18 through the ports 24, 53, passages oat and ports 55 to the annular chamber 30, and thence through the ports 31 to the annular chamber 16. The pressure. thus accumulated in the chamber 16 is ex erted through the ports 31 and in the annular space 30 against the piston-head 51, with the result of forcing it in the direction to the right in the figures, past the position indicated in Fig. 3 again to that illustrated. in

. and when it reaches the end oi. its traverse in the opposite direction, as shown in Fig. 1, the cxhaust-pm'ts 25) are uncouered.

. In practice, when ihe contents 12 and 4-1- are closed as described, and the electric current thus caused to pass tl'irough the. resistance wires 40, the latter will soon become heated sui'liciently to ignite the explosive mixture when the latter is sui'liciently (ZOHIPlt-EFSlHl.

This heating ct the resistance wires re p1ii.'es,'

say a second or more of time, during. which thereciprocation ot' the piston, and consequent impacts against the tool 13, will be effected by the pressure it the coi'npressed mixture alone, during each of which opera; tions, it will be understood, fluid pressure is exerted first against one face of the pistonhead 51 to move it, say, to the right in. the figures, and. at the same time, compr the mixturein the elranibcrio against the igniter at 39; while in the cpposite travel of the piston the mixture in the chamberportion 57 is compressed against the niter at 38. Consequently, when the wires -l-O have become suiliciently hot, the mixture compressed in the final movei'i'iei'it oi the piston will explode and drive the piston in the opposite direction with comparatively great force. It will be undei tood, thcrei'ore. that in each instance explos ve. mixture. entering under pr ssurc, exerts said pressure against the piston and then caused to escape into the end of the cylinder to be again compressed and e.;plo lc .l. its the piston reaches the position irnjl'cated in Fig. 2, the exhaustports 98 are uncovered to permit the products of ccmbustitn to, escape from the cham her-portion 57 at the same timethat explosive fluid is entering through the ports fit) to scavenge said chamlmr-pmtion and fill it "with a "fresh charge to be compressed.

lVhen the piston. approaches the position shown in Fig. 3:, the exhaust-ports 2f) .are rncovered and fresh mixture enters through the ports 18 to" the chamhcr portion 56 to scavenge the same and till it with a fresh charge.

In each operation, the initial. reciprocations of the piston, or hammer, to will be eti ected as stated by the pressure of the incoming fluid alone, producing impacts against the tool 13 of comparatively light ilO force. This is quickly succeeded by impacts produced by the same pressure supplemented by that of the explosions. This mode of voperation is particularly desirable in riveting, whereby heated rivetsare first upset by comparatively light impacts and then expanded in the rivet holes under the force of heavier blows.

The compression of the fluid in the endportions of the chamber 15 operates to properly cushion the piston at the end of each of its strokes, and, in practice, the explosive mixture and its pressure should be so regulated as to produce the best results. The ports, passages and chamber-enlargements are, in practice, so proportioned that in each reciprocation ot' the piston the necessary supply and exhaust of the fluid takes place to cause the tool to work with maximum efliciency; and by means of our improvement the tool may be satisfactorily operated by fluid under comparatively low compression instead of the high compression employed in the-case of purely pneumatic tools. This saving in the cost of installation of the compressors and cost of their operation greatly outweighs the slight cost of the gas and electric energy necessary for the operation of our improved tool.

While we prefer to construct our improvements throughout asshown and described, they may be variously modified without departing from the spirit of our invention, as defined by the claims.

Though we have shown and described our hammering implement with an explosion chamber at each end of the piston, by which .is meant the opposite sides of the pistonhead 51, the explosions for retracting the piston, and the construction providing for such explosions, may be dispensed with and the retraction of the piston be produced in every instance simply by fluid pressure.

What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a hammering implement, a tool- 'arrying casing, a piston therein, means for reciprocating the piston by fluid under pressure, including an expansion chamber in which the fluid operates against the piston from one direction, an explosion chamber in the easing into which saidfiuid is exhausted from the expansion chamber and compressed by the piston, and means for causing an explosion in said last mentioned chamber while the fluid is'under compression.

2. In ahammering implement, a toolcarryin-g casing, a piston therein, means for reciprocating; the piston by an explosive ans-er pressure, including an expansion chamber in which the fluid operates against the piston from one direction, an. explosion chamber in the easing into which said fluid is exhausted, from the expanslon chamber,

bers, and compressed by the piston,and

means for igniting, in said explosion chambers, the fluid thus compressed.

4. In a hammering implement, a toolcarrying casing provided with an inlet-passage for explosive fluid under pressure, an expansion chamber and an explosion chamber, ports in the casing for communication between the passage and expansion chamber, and between said chambers, an explosionchamber exhaust-port, a piston in the casing movable under force of said fluid to open and close said ports and thereby open and close communication first between the said passage and expansion chamber and then between said chambers and open and close the exhaust, the piston operating to compress the fluid in the explosion chamber, and means for igniting, in said explosion chamber, the fluid thus compressed.

5. In a hammering implement, a. toolcarrying casing provided with an inlet-passage for explosive fluid under pressure, ex-

pansion chambers and explosion chambers, ports in the casing for communication between the passage and expansion chambers and bet-ween the expansion and explosion chambers, explosion-chamber exhaust-ports, a piston in the casing movable under force of said fluid in the expansion chambers to' open and close said ports and thereby open and close communication between the said passage and expansion chambers alternately and between-said expansion chambers and explosion chambers alternately, and

open and close the said exhausts, the piston operating to compress the fluid entering from the expansion chambers into the explosion chambers, and means for igniting, in said explosion chambers, the fiuid thus compressed.

6. In a hammering implement, a toolcarrying casing provided with an inlet-passage tor explosive fluid under pressure, a valve for said passage, an operating lever for said valve, an expansion chamber and an explosion-chamber in the casingjwiths ports for communication between the passage and expansion chamber and between said chambers, an explosion-chamber" we haust-port, a piston in the'casing movable under force of said fluid to open and close said ports, and thereby open andclose com munication first between the said passage and expansion chamber and then between said chambers, and open and close the eX- haust, the piston operating to compress the fluid in the explosion-chamben and means for igniting the fluid thus compressed, COP!!- prising a, resistance element in the explosion-chamber, a normally-open, electric cireuit communicating with the resistance elenent, and a clreult-closlng Contact on. the 10 1 lever.

i OT HO O. DURYEA. i MORRISC. WHITE. In presence of I R. A. RAYMOND, l R; A. SCHAEFER. 

